The Effects of Fentanyl and the Risks of Overdose
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that’s incredibly potent and dangerous. It is up to 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine, making it a major contributor to fatal and nonfatal overdoses in the U.S.
Types of Fentanyl
There are two types of fentanyl: pharmaceutical fentanyl and illegally made fentanyl. Pharmaceutical fentanyl is prescribed by doctors for severe pain management, often for cancer patients or those undergoing major surgeries. In contrast, illegally made fentanyl is commonly found in street drugs. This version is added to other drugs because it’s cheap and powerful, making it extremely dangerous.
Forms and Presence in Street Drugs
Illegally made fentanyl can appear in various forms, such as powder, liquid, and even pills that resemble other prescription opioids. It is often mixed with drugs like heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Many users are unaware that their drugs contain fentanyl, significantly increasing the risk of overdose.
How Fentanyl Affects the Body
When used, fentanyl binds to opioid receptors in the brain, producing effects similar to those of other opioids but much more potent. These effects include:
- Euphoria
- Drowsiness
- Nausea
- Confusion
- Constipation
- Sedation
- Respiratory depression
The “high” from fentanyl is intense but short-lived, which can lead users to take more of the drug to maintain the effect, raising the risk of overdose.
Overdose Risks
Synthetic opioids like fentanyl are responsible for nearly 70% of overdose deaths in recent years. Even in small doses, fentanyl can be deadly. Overdose symptoms include:
- Unresponsiveness
- Slow or shallow breathing
- Blue or gray lips and fingernails
- Snoring or gurgling sounds
- Pinpoint pupils
- Cold or clammy skin
Recognizing these signs early can save lives. If someone is suspected of overdosing, it’s critical to call 911 immediately, administer naloxone if available, and perform rescue breathing if necessary.
The Importance of Fentanyl Test Strips
Because fentanyl is so potent and hard to detect, using fentanyl test strips can be a life-saving measure. These strips are inexpensive and provide results in about five minutes. However, even if the test is negative, some potent fentanyl-like drugs might not be detected. Caution is always necessary.
The Emerging Threat of Fentanyl Mixed with Xylazine
Another emerging threat is fentanyl mixed with xylazine, a non-opioid sedative. This combination is extremely dangerous and has been linked to overdose deaths. Awareness and precaution are crucial.
Conclusion
Fentanyl is a highly potent and dangerous opioid, significantly contributing to the overdose crisis in the U.S. Understanding its forms, effects, and risks is crucial for prevention and safety. If someone is at risk, using fentanyl test strips and keeping naloxone on hand are essential steps. Staying informed and taking precautions can save lives.
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